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Part Two

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NARRATOR:
AS THE WAR MOVED FROM FRANCE TO ENGLAND, SO GOEBBEL’S PROPAGANDA OFFENSIVE MOVED FROM FRONT LINE SOLDIERS TO CIVILIANS - SOFTENING THEM UP BEFORE ANY INVASION.

Archive Footage:
Valves. Lord Haw Haw and music over bombing.

Music: Let's go bombing, let's go bombing.

NARRATOR:
JUST AS THE FRENCH HAD BEEN TOLD THAT THEY WERE FIGHTING FOR THE BRITISH, SO THE BRITISH WERE TOLD THEY WERE FIGHTING FOR THE JEWS. AND LEAFLETS DROPPED OVER LONDON CARRIED THE SAME CRUDE, ANTI SEMITIC MESSAGE. WHILE DELMER WAS MAKING BBC BROADCASTS, INTO GERMANY, OPPOSING THE NAZIS, BERLIN WAS BEAMING BACK A MORE SUBVERSIVE KIND OF RADIO.

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Archive Photos:
Semite Leaflet

Worker's Challenge Reconstruction

Worker's Challenge Broadcast:
Worker's Challenge. Calling all workers of Britain and Northern Ireland. On wave length of 213 m every night at ten past eight.

NARRATOR:
A RADIO STATION CALLING ITSELF "WORKER'S CHALLENGE" DECLARED IT WAS BRITISH AND WAS BROADCASTING FROM INSIDE BRITAIN - BUT WAS IN FACT GERMAN.

Worker's Challenge Broadcast:
Workers in the Army it's not your war. It's the capitalist's war. So what will you get out of it? Nothing. All you'll get is a bullet in the head. Perhaps you'll end up with a couple of legs short. For what?

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"Lies, Lies" Animation

NARRATOR:
THE GERMANS PRETENDED TO BE BRITISH. AND PRETENDED TO BE A REAL ANTI-WAR MOVEMENT. THIS USE OF LIES TO TRICK THE PUBLIC WON A NEW NAME - BLACK PROPAGANDA. DELMER WAS INSPIRED BY THIS DARK SIDE. THIS WAS THE POINT THAT THE GOVERNMENT SET UP A NEW UNIT CALLED THE POLITICAL WARFARE EXECUTIVE. IN MAY 1942, THEY TURNED TO DELMER TO RUN IT'S TOP SECRET MISSIONS - BRITAIN'S OWN BLACK PROPAGANDA OFFENSIVE. ELLIC HOWE WOULD BECOME A KEY MEMBER OF DELMER'S UNIT.

Archive:
Subversion!

Ellic Howe:
First of all - They wanted to achieve something immediately that Her Majesty's Government could disavow. The whole emphasis of black was that H.M. government could deny it even existed.

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Reconstruction:
Delmer and Der Chef rehearsing in Garden.

NARRATOR:
IN MAY 1941 DELMER BEGAN BROADCASTING FROM A REQUISITIONED HOUSE IN BEDFORDSHIRE. HIS WIFE ISABEL WOULD BE RECRUITED TO ILLUSTRATE LEAFLETS.

Isabel drawing Coloured leaflets of German's with prostitutes

NARRATOR:
TO SMEAR THE GERMANS AS SEX TOURISTS, IMAGES OF TROOPS WITH PROSTITUTES WERE FAKED TO LOOK LIKE POSTCARDS SENT HOME FROM CONQUERED FRANCE.

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Reconstruction:
Delmer and Der Chef rehearsing in Garden

NARRATOR:
BUT DELMER WANTED TO COMBINE THE NEW WEAPONS OF SEX AND BLACK DECEPTION. TO DO SO, HE TURNED TO RADIO.

Memoirs of Delmer:
I think we should try a new type of 'Black Radio' -- one that undermines Hitler, not by opposing him, but by pretending to be all for him and his war.

Reconstruction:
Delmer and Der Chef rehearsing in the Garden.

Memoirs of Delmer:
Hitler once said to me "There is an inner Pig-dog in every man", we must appeal to the inner pig in every German.

Der Chef:
What our propaganda idiots call sorting out the front line north of Kirkusk of retreating, is no reason for those at home to go and shit their trousers.

NARRATOR:
THE VOICE OF DELMER'S PROPAGANDA WAS A YOUNG GERMAN EMIGRE, PAUL SAUNDERS. HE WAS TO PLAY A FICTITIOUS GERMAN OFFICER - KNOWN ONLY AS DER CHEF - A LOYAL AND PATRIOTIC SUPPORTER OF HITLER AND THE WAR, BUT HOSTILE TO THE SS - CLASSIC DIVIDE AND CONQUER.

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Translation of original German broadcast: Der Chef speaking:
Major General von Papen who gave the command to withdraw from the enemy is a good man and a first rate officer, and for this reason the cowardly armchair farters of the party, communist to a man, start shouting for his head. They should have their backsides torn open as wide a they open their mouths. So much for the Eastern front. But the shit that stinks to high heaven, the real shit, is that we are not only to cope with the Bolsheviks in the front line but to cope with the bastard Bolsheviks at home inside the government.

NARRATOR:
DELMER BORROWED THE COARSE LANGUAGE OF "WORKER'S CHALLENGE" TO TITILLATE HIS AUDIENCE, THEN WENT FURTHER. HE USED SEX STORIES TO KEEP HIS LISTENERS HOOKED.

Paul Saunders (Der Chef):
We wrote and rendered real pornographic pieces because it was Delmer’s idea. And probably it was right, that what the Germans called 'das front Swine', the war pig, the simple man who is in the mud in the front line, likes to hear a juicy story.

Nude fantasy interrogation sequence

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Der Chef Speaking:
And now some information about the swinish, filthy tricks the enemy are using to try and extract information from our boys in the Luftwaffe who have been unlucky enough to be shot down and captured. When the usual methods of interrogation fail, some of our airmen have been stripped naked and tied to the floor in a gymnasium at the interrogation centre. While they are in this humiliating position, a young and beautiful woman is sent into the room. Our reports say that invariably the woman has long hair. This young woman who is only partially dressed. But that sort of thing people weren't used to it. So one comrade would say to the other - unbelievable have you heard this thing on the air, there is someone telling absolutely 100 per cent dirty and funny dirty stories. She then positions herself on a gymnastic bar above the prisoner. She then swings herself over the bar and lets down her long hair and then she trails her soft hair back and forward, back and forward, over the naked bodies of our young airmen. After some minutes of this some prisoners will babble anything.

Memoirs of Delmar:
We took great care not to let it seem that The Chef himself enjoyed the bawdy details. Never, never did he let on that he was retelling these salty scandals to make his listeners eager to listen to his next harangue.

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Der Chef Speaking:
We must be strong and not give in to this filthy perverted treatment. Say nothing.

Dr Ortwin Buchbender:
The English thought the Germans liked that. The party members listening to GS1, out of Gustav Siegfried one, ya. They liked it. Blood, sex and crime is always interesting.

Ellic Howe:
They were trying to establish an audience for the kind of subversive stuff they wanted to put over the kind of stuff, which above all would lead to the dissemination of rumours. Rumours which would err, effect the German initial will to fight make them cast doubts, ask questions and so on.

Footage:
Christy Campbell entering stacks of National Archive.

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NARRATOR:
RUMOURS LAY AT THE HEART OF BRITAIN'S PROPAGANDA WAR. AUTHOR AND HISTORIAN CHRISTY CAMPBELL IS AN EXPERT ON THE WORKINGS OF WHAT WAS KNOWN AS THE UNDERGROUND RUMOUR COMMITTEE, WITH WHOM DELMER WORKED CLOSELY.

Christy Campbell:
The political Warfare Executive saw rumours, the spreading of rumours, as a key way of attacking the enemy moral. Very little was off bounds. And the rumour gave the broadcast and the printed work, that buzz of reality.

Footage:
Mouths whispering Ears listening and Rostrum of rumours.


NARRATOR:
BRITAIN COORDINATED RADIO AND LEAFLETS WITH AGENTS SENT TO SPREAD RUMOURS BEHIND ENEMY LINES. A DIRECTIVE RECOMMENDED THAT SEX SHOULD BE INCLUDED, TO HELP RUMOURS SPREAD.

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File C-259:
Following the mobilization of German boys from 12 to 16 for factory work, there has been a considerable increase in the number of indictments for pederasty amongst SS home troops.

File C-166:
A group of Necrophiles, amongst SS troops in Berlin has assembled the perfect German girl from the severed legs, arms and torso of air-raid victims.

A man at a window, turned slightly away from us. In his had a sheaf of type written papers. He raises them to look at them briefly. Then begins to speak.

NARRATOR:
BUT IT WAS DELMER'S SEX BROADCASTS WHICH PROVED TOO MUCH FOR SOME. AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF DER CHEF WAS LEAKED TO THE LORD PRIVY SEAL SIR STAFFORD CRIPPS. WHEN HE READ DER CHEF'S ACCOUNT OF AN ORGY INVOLVING A GERMAN ADMIRAL, HIS MISTRESS, FOUR SAILORS AND A HELMET, HE WENT TO THE FOREIGN SECRETARY, ANTHONY EDEN TO HAVE THE CHEF BROADCASTS STOPPED.

A man paces up and down, dictating.

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NARRATOR:
CRIPPS ACCUSED DELMER OF "BEASTLY PORNOGRAPHY OF UNDERMINING THE DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES BRITAIN WAS FIGHTING FOR. HE SAID, "IF THIS IS THE SORT OF THING THAT IS NEEDED TO WIN THE WAR, WHY I'D RATHER LOSE IT."

The man ends facing out a large window. His back to us.

NARRATOR:
THE CRISIS ABOUT THE MORALITY OF DELMER’S BROADCASTS THREATENED TO END HIS OPERATION JUST AS IT HAD BEGUN.

Dr Ortwin Buchbender:
Gustav Siegfried Einz - that was a scandal - because that was sex in its worst form, pornography of its worst which was sent by the chef.

Footage:
Typewriter keys, hammers as they strike the paper.

NARRATOR:
WHATEVER THE GOVERNMENT'S RESERVATIONS ABOUT THE PORNOGRAPHIC NATURE OF GS1, DELMER WAS NOT STOPPED. INSTEAD HE WAS GIVEN THE CHANCE TO FURTHER BROADEN HIS EMPIRE AND COORDINATE HIS EFFORTS WITH LEAFLETS.

Reconstruction:
Ellic Discovering the Fraktur Type face.

NARRATOR:
DELMER DIDN'T WANT HIS LEAFLETS TO LOOK LIKE BRITISH PROPAGANDA. HE WANTED LEAFLETS THAT LOOKED GERMAN.

Reconstruction:
Ellic Howe finding the Box of Fraktur punches.

NARRATOR:
ELLIC HOWE WAS THE MASTER FORGER WHO COULD MAKE THEM.

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Reconstruction:
Ellic in the room with all the drawers. He opens one and finds the font. He scrutinizes it with magnifying glasses.

NARRATOR:
AND ELLIC'S SECRET WEAPON WAS THAT HE HAD FOUND, BURIED IN THE MONOTYPE CORPORATION'S VAULT, THE EXACT TYPE FACE USED BY THE 3RD REICH FOR ITS OWN OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS.

Reconstruction:
Print shop: Hot metal machine making print. Ellic and girls at the printer. Ellic looking at a leaflet.

NARRATOR:
HERE WAS THE FORGER'S SECRET WEAPON.

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Reconstruction:
Print shop: Printing machine Girls and Ellic.

NARRATOR:
WITH THIS AND A TEAM OF ARTISTS AND PRINTERS, HE AND DELMER WERE ABLE TO MAKE LEAFLETS THAT WERE FAR MORE SUBVERSIVE BECAUSE THEY COULD PASS THEMSELVES OFF AS GERMAN.

Reconstruction:
Delmer writing.

NARRATOR:
ONE OF DELMER'S FIRST PROJECTS WAS TO ATTACK THE IMAGE OF THE SS - TO CHANGE IT FROM ULTIMATE DEFENDERS OF THE REICH TO PORTRAY THEM INSTEAD AS DEBASED, SELF SERVING AND CORRUPT.

Archive photo of SS Leaflet.

Reconstruction of the SS court Martial.

NARRATOR:
TO DO THIS DELMER CREATED A DOCUMENT WHICH PURPORTED TO DETAIL AN COURT MARTIAL OF TWO SS OFFICERS WHO, DELMER DECIDED, HAD RAPED AND MURDERED A WOMAN - A CASE ENTIRELY MADE UP BY DELMER - THE LEAFLET WAS CAREFULLY DESIGNED TO APPEAR AS IF IT CAME FROM INSIDE GERMANY, FROM PATRIOTIC GERMANS APPALLED BY THE SS.

Reconstruction of the SS court Martial.

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NARRATOR:
THE LEAFLET GAVE A VERBATIM TRANSCRIPT OF DELMER'S INVENTED TRIAL. READERS DISCOVERED HOW ON THE 14TH OF MARCH SS LIEUTENANT KURT BRENAUR AND SS LIEUTENANT FRANK HERTOCH TOOK FEMALE AUXILIARIES INTO THEIR QUARTERS IN VITESK AND INDUCED THEM TO SEXUAL EXCESS. IN THE COURSE OF WHICH THE AUXILIARY ILSE HAGEMAN LOST HER LIFE.

Memoirs of Delmer:
The propaganda of the SS brochure is to give evidence of a split between the party and the SS and the army, and to make the SS appear the main internal enemy of Germany.

Reconstruction: Caviar and ice.

NARRATOR:
DELMER SPICED UP THE POLITICS WITH PERVERSITY - HIS INVENTED SS MEN DRUNK ON EXPENSIVE LIQUEURS, HAD STUFFED THEIR VICTIM'S VAGINA WITH ICE AND CAVIAR. THE POLITICAL PUNCH OF HIS SEX STORY WAS THAT THE SS COULD GET AWAY WITH IT. THE DOCUMENT SHOWED THAT THEY HAD BEEN ACQUITTED. DELMER WAS QUITE CLEAR ABOUT WHAT HIS PROPAGANDA MUST ACHIEVE.

Memoirs of Delmer:
We must talk to him about his Fuhrer and his Fatherland and all that sort of thing, and at the same time inject some item of news into his mind which will make him think, and if possible act in way that is contrary to the efficient conduct of Hitler's war.

Swirling Ink

Delmer at typewriter.

NARRATOR:
AS FAR AS DELMER WAS CONCERNED THIS WAS TOTAL WAR, AND CIVILIAN MORALE WAS A LEGITIMATE TARGET.

Memoirs of Delmer:
I must warn you that in my unit we are up to all the dirty tricks we can devise. No holes are barred. The dirtier the better. Lies treachery, everything.

NARRATOR:
DELMER'S NEXT ASSIGNMENT WAS TO WIDEN HIS ATTACK FROM THE SS TO FOREIGN WORKERS IN AN ATTEMPT TO STOKE UP RACIAL HATRED.

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Archive Footage:
Germany's manpower situation is more critical than any other belligerent nation. Germany's military destiny turns on her ability to replace the men destroyed in battle.

NARRATOR:
THE ALLIES KNEW THAT MANPOWER WAS CRITICAL TO THE GERMAN WAR MACHINE. THE QUESTION FOR DELMER WAS HOW TO TURN THE DULL FACTS INTO DAMAGING PROPAGANDA.

Archive Footage:
Foreign workers were imported. Voluntarily at first, but later under economic pressure and control.

Delmer at typewriter.

NARRATOR:
DELMER'S SOLUTION WAS TO PLAY THE RACE CARD. HE REALISED, HERE WAS A REGIME, OBSESSED WITH RACIAL PURITY. BUT NEEDING THE VERY FOREIGNERS IT DESPISED TO FILL ITS FACTORIES BACK HOME. HE DECIDED TO USE THEIR RACISM AGAINST THEM.

Reconstruction Delmer Voice over:
Today there are more than ten million sexed-up, randy foreigners in all parts of the country. And your wives feel lonely. Throw the Foreign workers out. End the war.

Archive news clipping.

NARRATOR:
WHILE DELMER WROTE THE TEXT, ISABELLE, HIS WIFE, FOUND HERSELF RECRUITED TO DO THE ART.

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Isabelle drawing at table.

Reconstruction Isabelle voice over:
One I much enjoyed was a picture of a foreign worker making love to a bright blond German girl. Life with Black propaganda was quite strange. It was great fun. Fancy being employed by the government to create pornography.

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Close up of the Drawing.

Narrator:
Once again Delmer used sex to stick his message home.

Isabelle Close up.

Glam girl shots.

Soldiers in the mud.

Dr Ortwin Buchbender:
In politics, in war and in love, all is allowed. And sex is a very important factor - and fantasy is a power station. A distant realm of vast eternities.

Memoirs of Delmer:
The whole operational aim of this campaign to undermine the morale of German troops in occupied territories it to impress indelibly upon their minds that things at home have reached a stage where their presence is urgently required, if they are going to preserve their wives and daughters from being raped, used as slaves in factories etc.

Dr Ortwin Buchbender:
Now think of the situation at the front. A soldier is fighting there, sitting in his trench and life is not very amusing and all of a sudden he gets leaflets with sex with naked women and all this stuff and then his fantasy begins to work.

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NARRATOR:
TO RUB THE POINT HOME THERE WAS AN ACCOMPANYING RUMOUR.

Rumour voice over:
Foreign workers in Essen have a sweepstake competition to see who can seduce the largest numbers of wives of German soldiers at the front.

Dr Ortwin Buchbender:
And the effect is he doesn't like war, he wants to go home. He wants to go to his girlfriend.

NARRATOR:
AND IT WORKED. AS A SECRET MEMO OF THE TIME SHOWS.

Another Voice over:
We have had comeback. I thought you would like to know that your pornography is getting around all right.

Foreign Worker leaflet.

NARRATOR:
BRITISH FORGERIES WERE SO SUCCESSFUL THAT THE GERMANS PUT OUT A LEAFLET WARNING ABOUT BRITISH FORGERIES. BRITAIN'S RESPONSE - TO FORGE THEIR ANTI-FORGERIES LEAFLET. THE ORIGINAL HAD A PICTURE OF HITLER ON THE FRONT. IT WAS DECIDED TO FORGE A LEAFLET THAT WOULD MOCK AND RIDICULE THE FUEHRER, AND HIS NAZI BUREAUCRATS. DELMER HIRED MARION WHITEHORN AN INNOCENT 22-YEAR-OLD ART STUDENT FOR THE JOB.

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Marion Whitehorn:
I was ushered into the Brigadier's office, I don't know who he was, but he had red tabs, so I guess he was a Brigadier or some such and he said to me that I'd come into a highly secret organisation and if I ever divulged a single word or talked to anybody about it, it would be at least ten years hard labour. So I said - I promise I wouldn't dream of doing so.

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Marion Whitehorn:
Lots of people, some in uniform, some not and they were terribly serious, you know, and not even a sort of cough or anything. They passed round a postcard like that in total silence until it got to me. And it was a postcard of Hitler with his hands folded like that and the caption read: 'what we have, we hold' - translation from the German. And I looked at it and I looked up and he said: 'Marion I want you to put a Penis between his fingers and his hands were placed in the right place. No, I just looked down and didn't know where to look. I mean today of course I would have laughed like a drain. Then - it was over sixty years ago - you know, one didn't behave like that. So I looked up and he said: 'But not too big, Marion.' So again (laughing). Oh dear, will I go down in history for having done that? Ridiculous.

Leaflet of Hitler holding Penis.

End of Part 2


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